Dab tsi yog qhov kev sib koom ua ke hauv kev kho hniav?
Hauv kev kho hniav, ib qho kev sib txuas lus yog hais txog cov txheej txheem siv los txuas cov khoom siv kho kom zoo, xws li txhaws lossis cov hniav hniav, rau cov qauv hniav. Txoj kev no suav nrog kev siv cov nplaum nplaum nplaum uas tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hniav thiab cov khoom siv kho dua tshiab, ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov thiab ntev ntawm kev kho hniav. Lub kaw lus sib txuas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho hniav niaj hnub no vim nws muab cov kev daws teeb meem txhim khu kev qha thiab zoo nkauj rau ntau yam kev kho hniav.
Evolution of Dental Bonding Systems:
Tau ntau xyoo, kev kho hniav sib txuas tshuab tau hloov zuj zus. Cov txheej txheem yav dhau los koom nrog kev tuav tswj, xws li grooves lossis undercuts, los tuav cov kev kho kom rov zoo li qub. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hauv kev no muaj kev txwv, vim tias nws ua rau cov hniav tsis muaj zog thiab feem ntau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tom qab ua haujlwm.
Kev taw qhia txog kev kho hniav nplaum hauv xyoo 1950 tau hloov kho qhov chaw kho hniav. Dr. Michael Buonocore yog tus pioneer tom qab lub tswvyim no. Nws pom tias acid etching cov hniav nto nrog phosphoric acid tuaj yeem tsim cov micropores uas txhim khu kev sib txuas ntawm cov hniav thiab cov khoom siv kho dua tshiab.
Hauv xyoo 1970, lub tswv yim ntawm tag nrho cov nplaum nplaum tau tshwm sim. Cov tshuab no tau koom tes nrog etching cov enamel thiab dentin ib txhij thiab siv tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas uas pab txhawb kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib txuas rau cov qauv hniav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no muaj qee qhov tsis zoo, xws li cov txheej txheem sib txuas ntev ntev thiab teeb meem rhiab heev.
Raws li kev kho hniav thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv mus, kev txhim kho ntawm tus kheej-etch nplaum tshuab tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1990. Cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas ua kom yooj yim rau txoj kev sib koom ua ke los ntawm kev sib txuas cov etching thiab priming cov kauj ruam rau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem. Qhov no txo cov teeb meem rhiab heev cuam tshuam nrog tag nrho cov tshuab etch thiab muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua rau enamel thiab dentin.
Cheebtsam ntawm ib tug bonding system:
Ib qho kev sib txuas lus zoo muaj ntau yam khoom siv ua haujlwm ua ke los tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hniav thiab cov khoom siv kho dua tshiab. Cov khoom no muaj xws li:
1. Etchant: Qhov no yog cov kua qaub me me, feem ntau yog phosphoric acid, siv los kho cov hniav nto. Nws tsim micropores ntawm enamel thiab dentin, tso cai rau kom zoo dua cov nplaum nkag.
2. Primer: Tom qab etching cov hniav nto, ib tug hydrophilic primer yog siv. Qhov no primer infiltrates lub micropores tsim los ntawm etchant thiab pab nyob rau hauv lub Symptoms ntawm lub tsev neeg tus neeg sawv cev rau tus hniav qauv. Cov primer kuj tseem ua haujlwm kom ntub cov hniav, txhim kho qhov ntws thiab nkag mus ntawm cov nplaum.
3. Adhesive: Kuj hu ua bonding agent los yog resin, cov nplaum ua cov ntawv cog lus tiag tiag ntawm cov hniav thiab cov khoom siv kho dua tshiab. Nws yog cov kua resin uas infiltrates cov primed micropores ntawm tus hniav nto, muab ib tug muaj zog txuas. Cov nplaum kuj tseem pab tau nyob rau hauv kev sib khi hniav-kev ua kom rov zoo hniav sib cuam tshuam, tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob to taub thiab micrawv.
4. Composite resin: Feem ntau, cov khoom siv kho dua tshiab uas siv hauv cov tshuab sib txuas yog cov khoom sib xyaw. Cov khoom siv txhuam hniav no tuaj yeem ua tau zoo li tus thiab polished kom phim cov hniav zoo nkauj, muab kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Cov nplaum nplaum nplaum ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov hniav, uas ua rau lub sijhawm ntev rov qab los.
Cov txheej txheem rau kev siv lub tshuab sib txuas:
Cov txheej txheem rau kev siv cov txheej txheem sib txuas hauv kev kho hniav muaj ob peb kauj ruam uas ua kom muaj kev rov ua tiav zoo. Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv qhia dav dav ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txuas:
1. Kev npaj cov hniav: Cov hniav uas tau txais kev kho dua tshiab yog npaj los ntawm kev tshem tawm ib qho kev lwj lossis puas lawm. Tom qab ntawd cov hniav saum npoo yog ntxuav thiab qhuav kom huv si.
2. Etching: Cov etchant, feem ntau yog phosphoric acid, yog siv rau cov hniav uas npaj. Nws raug tso tseg rau ib lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, feem ntau yog 15-30 vib nas this, los tsim micropores ntawm cov enamel thiab dentin. Tom qab lub sij hawm etching, cov hniav nto yog rinsed thiab qhuav.
3. Priming: Lub hydrophilic primer yog siv rau etched hniav nto. Nws maj mam kis nrog txhuam los yog ib qho applicator, kom ntseeg tau tias tag nrho cov kev pab cuam ntawm qhov chaw npaj. Cov primer tso rau ntawm cov hniav rau ob peb feeb, tso cai rau nws nkag mus rau micropores.
4. Adhesive daim ntawv thov: Cov nplaum nplaum yog tom qab ntawd siv rau ntawm cov hniav primed. Cov nplaum nplaum yog ua tib zoo kis mus rau tag nrho cov chaw npaj, kom ntseeg tau tias kev pab them nqi. Cov nplaum nplaum yog lub teeb-kho siv lub teeb kho hniav, uas ua rau cov nplaum nplaum thiab ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo.
5. Qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv kho dua tshiab: Thaum cov nplaum kho tau zoo, cov khoom siv kho dua tshiab, xws li cov khoom sib txuas, muab tso rau ntawm cov hniav. Cov khoom yog zoo li tus thiab contoured kom ua tau ib tug natural tsos. Tom qab ntawd nws yog lub teeb-kho kom tawv nws thiab khi nws mus rau tus hniav qauv.
6. Kev ua tiav thiab polishing: Tom qab cov khoom siv kho kom zoo tag nrho, cov khoom siv ntau dhau raug tshem tawm, thiab kev kho dua tshiab yog contoured thiab polished kom phim cov hniav uas nyob ib sab. Cov kauj ruam no ua kom lub ntsej muag du thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.
Qhov zoo thiab kev siv ntawm kev sib txuas systems:
Bonding systems muaj ntau qhov zoo uas ua rau lawv muaj kev xaiv nrov hauv kev kho hniav niaj hnub. Qee qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb suav nrog:
- Cov ntawv cog lus muaj zog thiab ruaj khov: Cov txheej txheem kev sib khi ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov hniav thiab cov khoom siv kho dua tshiab, ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm kev kho dua tshiab.
- Aesthetics: Composite resins siv hauv kev sib txuas cov tshuab yog cov hniav xim thiab tuaj yeem sib phim rau cov hniav zoo nkauj, muab kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.
- Kev khaws cov qauv ntawm cov hniav: Cov txheej txheem Bonding yuav tsum tau tshem tawm tsawg kawg ntawm cov hniav noj qab haus huv piv rau cov txheej txheem kho cov txheej txheem, khaws cov hniav ntuj.
- Versatility: Bonding systems yuav siv tau rau ntau yam kev kho hniav, nrog rau cov filling, veneers, hniav crowns, thiab txuas hniav.
- Txo qhov kev xav tau tom qab ua haujlwm: Nrog kev nce qib hauv cov cuab yeej nplaum, cov tshuab sib txuas tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem ua ntej.
- Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm: Bonding systems restore lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hniav puas, cia cov neeg mob tom thiab zom tau yooj yim.
Vim yog cov txiaj ntsig zoo no, kev sib txuas cov tshuab nrhiav kev siv hauv kev kho hniav sib txawv, xws li:
1. Kev Kho Hniav: Cov txheej txheem Bonding feem ntau yog siv rau cov hniav txhuam hniav los yog cov khoom sib xyaw. Cov filling no muaj kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj thiab tuaj yeem siv los kho cov kab noj me me mus rau nruab nrab.
2. Veneers: Ib qho kev sib koom ua ke yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tso cov hniav veneers. Cov veneers yog cov plhaub nyias ua los ntawm cov plooj (porcelain) lossis cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov hniav hauv pem hauv ntej kom kho cov teeb meem ntawm cov hniav, xws li cov hniav tawg lossis cov hniav chipped.
3. Hniav cov hniav: Cov txheej txheem Bonding ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txuas cov hniav hniav rau cov qauv hniav. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yog cov kaus hniav zoo nkauj uas npog tag nrho cov hniav kom rov qab nws cov duab, qhov loj, lub zog, thiab kev zoo nkauj.
4. Kev kho hniav txuas hniav: Cov txheej txheem kev sib khi yog siv los tiv thaiv cov hniav hniav hauv qhov chaw. Cov hniav txuas hniav yog cov hniav prosthetic uas sau qhov sib txawv tsim los ntawm cov hniav uas ploj lawm. Cov hniav uas nyob ib sab, hu ua abutments, tau npaj thiab txuas nrog tus choj los muab kev txhawb nqa thiab kev ruaj ntseg.
Advancements nyob rau hauv bonding systems:
Kev kho hniav ntawm kev kho hniav tsis tu ncua, thiab kev nce qib hauv kev sib txuas lus tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov tuam txhab tsim khoom niaj hnub tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab cov tswv yim los txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas thiab cov txiaj ntsig. Qee qhov kev nce qib tsis ntev los no suav nrog:
1. Universal bonding systems: Universal bonding systems tau raug qhia los ua kom yooj yim rau txoj kev sib khi. Cov tshuab no thov kom tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm kev sib cais thiab cov txheej txheem priming, txo qhov nyuaj thiab txuag lub sij hawm ntawm lub rooj zaum.
2. Self-etching primers: Self-etching primers tau txais qhov chaw nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no. Cov primers muab cov etching thiab priming cov kauj ruam rau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem, ua kom yooj yim rau txoj kev sib khi thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tom qab.
3. Nanotechnology hauv adhesives: Nanotechnology tau muab tso rau hauv cov nplaum nplaum los txhim kho kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ruaj khov. Nanoparticles ntxiv rau cov nplaum, txhim kho nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab txo cov microleakage.
4. Bonding agents with antimicrobial properties: Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom tshawb nrhiav kev tsim cov khoom sib txuas nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov neeg ua haujlwm no tsom mus rau inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob thib ob nyob ib ncig ntawm cov npoo rov qab.
Xaus:
Hauv kev xaus, kev sib koom ua ke hauv kev kho hniav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txuas cov ntaub ntawv kho kom zoo rau cov qauv hniav. Nws suav nrog kev siv cov nplaum nplaum nplaum uas tsim kom muaj kev ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov, ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm kev kho hniav. Kev sib khi tshuab tau hloov zuj zus ntau xyoo dhau los, thiab kev nce qib hauv cov cuab yeej nplaum tau txhim kho lawv cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev zoo nkauj. Los ntawm kev kho hniav rau veneers thiab cov hniav hniav, cov tshuab sib txuas pom cov ntawv thov hauv ntau yam kev kho hniav, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab zoo nkauj. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntxiv thiab kev tshawb fawb, kev sib koom ua ke yuav muaj peev xwm txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua yav tom ntej.